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Il Foro Romano
(Forum Romanum, sebbene i Romani si riferissero ad esso più spesso come Forum Magnum o semplicemente Forum) era situato nella valle compresa tra il Palatino ed il Campidoglio e costituì il centro commerciale, religioso e politico della città di Roma.
La valle del Foro, paludosa e inospitale, venne utilizzata tra X e VII secolo a.C. come necropoli dei primi villaggi stanziati sulle colline circostanti. Secondo lo storico Tacito la piana del Foro come pure il vicino colle del Campidoglio furono aggiunti alla Roma quadrata (Palatino) di Romolo da Tito Tazio.[1] Solamente verso il 600 a.C., ad opera del re etrusco Tarquinio Prisco, venne drenata con la costruzione della Cloaca Massima e ricevette una pavimentazione in tufo; la piazza di forma rettangolare nacque come luogo di mercato oltre che per lo svolgimento della vita politica e giudiziaria, in un punto centrale della città verso cui convergevano molte importanti strade, la più importante delle quali era la Via Sacra, che correva dalle pendici del Campidoglio fino all'Arco di Tito.
Roman Forum

The Roman Forum (Latin: Forum Romanum), sometimes known by its original Latin name, is located between the Palatine hill and the Capitoline hill of the city of Rome. It is the central area around which the ancient Roman civilization developed. Citizens referred to the location as the "Forum Magnum" or just the "Forum".

The oldest and most important structures of the ancient city are located in the forum, including its ancient former royal residency the Regia and the surrounding complex of the Vestal virgins. The Old Republic had its formal Comitium there where the senate, as well as Republican government began. The forum served as a city square and central hub where the people of Rome gathered for justice, and faith. The forum was also the economic hub of the city and considered to be the center of the Republic and Empire.
The area of the forum was originally a grassy wetland. It was drained in the 7th century BCE by building the Cloaca Maxima, a large covered sewer system that drained into the Tiber River, as more people began to settle between the two hills.

The second king, Numa Pompilius, is said to have begun the cult of Vesta, building its house and temple as well as the Regia as the city's first royal palace. Later Tullus Hostilius erected the Curia and enclosed the Comitium. In 600 BCE Tarquinius Priscus had the area paved for the first time.

Over time the Comitium was lost to the ever-growing Curia and Julius Caesar's rearranging of the forum before his assassination in 44 BC. After Caesar's death Octavius finished the work.

Many of the forum's temples are from either the kingdom or the Republican era. Many have been destroyed and rebuilt several times.